Atmospheric Dynamics Analysis of Floods, Landslides, and Strong Winds in Semarang and Demak on March 13, 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33474/ejbst.v10i1.594Keywords:
Extreme Rain, Flooding, Landslides, MCSAbstract
On March 13, 2024, the regions of Semarang and Demak experienced severe flooding, landslides, and strong winds due to extreme weather characterized by heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and gusty winds. Previous studies analyzing extreme weather have not thoroughly explored all the contributing factors. This study aims to investigate a comprehensive range of factors, from global to local scales, including cloud physics, to improve early weather warning systems, particularly during similar weather disturbances. A quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted, focusing on ENSO, Dipole Mode (DM), MJO, CENS, SST, MSLP, gradient wind streamlines, LLMT and its divergence, upper-air instability, cloud physics, precipitation, and tidal patterns. The results show that the MJO and Equatorial Rossby waves increased moisture levels across Indonesia. Additionally, the tropical cyclone seedling 91S in the southern Indian Ocean of Java increased the Asian monsoon flow, leading to a cross-equatorial flow and increased moisture transport from the South China Sea to the northern coast of Java. Warm SSTs, unstable upper-air conditions, and LLMT convergence in Semarang and its surroundings further triggered the development of a Mesoscale Convective System, resulting in extreme rainfall accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds, which led to hydrometeorological disasters in Semarang and Demak on March 13, 2024.
Keywords: extreme rain, flooding, landslides, MCS
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