Distribusi Serangga Hama pada Lahan Pertanaman Kedelai (Glicyne max) Fase Generatif di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari, Malang Distribution of Pest Insect at Land of Soybean (Glycine max) Plant Generative Phase of Technical Implementation of Palawija Seed Development Unit of Singosari, Malang
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pest insects are a term used to refer to insects that potentially as pests, which have the potential activity to cause harm in an agro-ecosystem, either because its activity is damaging directly or indirectly. The purpose of this research is to know the type, distribution, and abiotic factors that affect the distribution of pest insects found in soybean plants of generative phase at technical implementation of Palawija (crops) Seeds Development unit, Singosari, Malang. This research uses descriptive method. Observation of pest insects on soybean plants is conducted directly (visual), based on the presence of pest insects that are considered to represent the soybean plant. The sample taking technique of pest insects uses direct technique per habitat. The results showed that pest insect species are found in generative phase of soybean plants were Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis chalcites, Lamprosema indicata, and Phaedonia inclusa. The pest insects were uniform distributing pattern which the average values ​​of all species per week of S. litura, L. indicate, C. chalcites, and P. inclusa, in soybean plants are 0.15, 0.2, 0.17, and 0.19. Based on the results of correlation data analysis, abiotic factors measured temperature and humidity did not affect to the pattern of individual pest insect distribution on soybean plants.
Keywords: Distribution pattern, Pest insect, and Soybean.
ABSTRAK
Serangga hama merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan serangga-serangga yang berpotensi sebagai hama yang memiliki aktivitas yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian secara ekonomis dalam suatu agroekosistem, baik karena aktivitasnya merusak secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis, distribusi, dan faktor abiotik yang mempengaruhi distribusi serangga hama yang ditemukan pada tanaman kedelai di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari, Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan melakukan pengamatan serangga hama pada tanaman kedelai secara langsung (visual). Teknik pengambilan sampel serangga hama yang digunakan adalah teknik langsung perhabitat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangga hama yang ditemukan pada tanaman kedelai fase generatif ada 4 spesies yaitu Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis chalcites, Lamprosema indicata, dan Phaedonia inclusa. Keempat spesies tersebut pada pertanaman kedelai berdistribusi dengan pola seragam (uniform) berdasarkan nilai hasil perhitungan Indeks Morishita pada tiap spesies menunjukkan angka di bawah 1 yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata tiap spesies mulai dari yang tertinggi ke yang terendah adalah 0,2 (L. indicata); 0,19 (P. inclusa); 0,17 (C. chalcites); dan 0,15 (S. litura). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data korelasi, faktor abiotik yang diukur (suhu dan kelembaban) tidak berpengaruh terhadap pola sebaran individu serangga hama pada tanaman kedelai.
Kata kunci: Pola sebaran, Serangga hama, dan Kedelai.
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