Studi Etnobotani Mangrove di Desa Daun Kecamatan Sangkapura dan Desa Sukaoneng Kecamatan Tambak Pulau Bawean Kabupaten Gresik Ethnobotany Study of Mangroves in Daun Village, Sangkapura District and Sukaoneng, Tambak, Bawean Island, Gresik Regency
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Abstract
Bawean Island Gresik Regency East Java Province also uses mangroves in their daily lives. This study aims to determine the types of trees that make up mangroves that are utilized and to determine the community perceptions of Daun and Sukaoneng Village, Bawean Island in terms of the utilization of mangrove tree species. Descriptive explorative methods are used which include: literature studies, field observations, interviews with questionnaires, data analysis and observation documentation. Determination of the sample used purposive sampling with 100 respondents. The results of this study indicate that there are 14 species of trees that make up mangroves belonging to 8 families, namely the Euphorbiaceae family, which is only 1 species (Excoearia agallocha), Combretaceae family with 3 species (Lumnitzera littorea, Lumnitzera racemosa and Terminalia catappa), Acanthaceae family only 1 species ( Avicennia alba), Rhizophoraceae which are 3 species (Rhizophora aphiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriops tagal), Lythraceae family with 3 species (Phemphis acidula, Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia ovata), Meliaceae family only 1 species (Xylocarpus moluccensis), Arecaceae family only 1 species (Nypa fruticans) and the Malvaceae family are only 1 species (Thespesia populnea) which belongs to 2 types of mangroves namely true mangroves and mangroves. The people of Daun and Sukaoneng Village, Bawean Island use the most mangrove as building material 32%, fuel wood 17%, dye 2%, believed to have 9% spiritual power, 2% ornamental plants and 12% food ingredients. With the most widely used organs including 62% wood, 7% bark (tannin), 5% fruit, 25% leaves and 1% interest.
Keywords: ethnobotany, mangrove, community perception, Bawean island.
ABSTRAK
Pulau Bawean Kabupaten Gresik Provinsi Jawa Timur masyarakatnya juga memanfaatkan mangrove dalam kesehariannya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pohon penyusun mangrove yang dimanfaatkan serta untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat Desa Daun dan Desa Sukaoneng pulau Bawean dalam aspek pemanfaatan jenis-jenis pohon penyusun mangrove. Digunakan metode deskripstif eksploratif yang meliputi : studi pustaka, pengamatan di lapangan, wawancara dengan kuesioner, analisis data dan dokumentasi pengamatan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan Purposive samplingdengan 100 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 14 jenis pohon penyusun mangrove yang tergolong kedalam 8 famili yaitufamili Euphorbiaceae yakni hanya 1 spesies (Excoearia agallocha), famili Combretaceae dengan 3 spesies (Lumnitzera littorea, Lumnitzera racemosadanTerminalia catappa), famili Acanthaceae hanya 1 spesies (Avicennia alba), Rhizophoraceae yakni 3 spesies (Rhizophora aphiculata, Rhizophora mucronata dan Ceriops tagal), famili Lythraceae dengan 3 spesies (Phemphis acidula, Sonneratia alba dan Sonneratia ovata), famili Meliaceae hanya 1 spesies (Xylocarpus moluccensis), famili Arecaceae hanya 1 spesies (Nypa fruticans) dan famili Malvaceae hanya 1 spesies (Thespesia populnea) yang termasuk kedalam 2 tipe mangrove yakni mangrove sejati dan mangrove ikutan. Masyarakat Desa Daun dan Desa Sukaoneng pulau Bawean memanfaatkan mangrove paling banyak sebagai bahan bangunan 32%, bahan kayu bakar 17%, pewarna 2%, dipercaya mempunyai kekuatan spiritual (jimat) 9%, tanaman hias 2% dan bahan pangan 12%. Dengan organ-organ yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan meliputi kayu 62%, kulit kayu (tanin) 7%, buah 5%, daun 25% dan bunga 1%.
Kata kunci : etnobotani, mangrove, persepsi masyarakat, pulau Bawean.
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