Distribusi Temporal Populasi Serangga pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari Malang Temporal Distribution of Insect Population in Rice Crops (Oryza sativa) at Technical Implementation Unit of Palawija Seed Development of Singosari, Malang
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rice plant (Oryza sativa.) is an important food crop which is a staple food for more than half of the world's population because it contains nutrients that the body needs. Rice production in East Java in 2011 experienced a significant decline in production i.e. 9.2% and declined again in 2013 (1.2%) with an average productivity (5.9) 1. Problems in agriculture are inseparable from the role of insects as pests. Decrease in production can occur due to insect pests. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of insects on rice fields, to find out the number of insects found based on the temporal distribution of rice fields in Technical implementation unit of Palawija Seed Development of Singosari, Malang, Research has been conducted on the temporal distribution of insect populations on rice plants by using temporal replication or time in three time periods, namely morning period (06.00-09.00), morning-noon (09.00-12.00), and afternoon (13.00-16.00). The observation parameters were done to measure abiotic factors including: temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity and biotic factor measurements; insect identification, insect status determination, and insect distribution. The results of the identification of insects found there were nine species, seven kinds of families, and five orders of insects that had different statuses including predators and pests. The nine insects species include Agriocnemis pygmae, Diplacodes trivialis, Crocothermis servilia, Menochilus sexmaculata, Oxya chinensis, Valanga nigricornis, Schirpophaga innotata, Junonia almana, Zelus luridus. There are the effect of abiotic factors on the number of insects.
Keywords: rice (Oryza sativa), insect population, insect status.
ABSTRAK
Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) merupakan tanaman penting yang menjadi makanan pokok lebih dari setengah penduduk dunia karena mengandung nutrisi yang diperlukan tubuh. Produksi padi di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2011 terjadi penurunan produksi yang cukup signifikan yaitu 9,2% dan kembali menurun pada tahun 2013 (1,2%) dengan rata-rata produktivitas (5,9)-1. Permasalahan di bidang pertanian tidak terlepas dari peran serangga sebagai hama. Penurunan produksi dapat terjadi karena serangga hama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi macam-macam serangga pada lahan tanaman padi, mengetahui jumlah serangga yang ditemukan berdasarkan distribusi temporal pada lahan tanaman padi di Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari Malang. Ulangan waktu pada tiga periode waktu yaitu Periode pagi (06.00-09.00), Siang (09.00-12.00), dan sore (13.00-16.00). Parameter pengamatan dilakukan pengukuran factor abiotik meliputi suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, dan intensitas cahaya dan pengukuran factor biotik meliputi identifikasi serangga, penentuan status serangga, dan distribusi serangga. Hasil identifikasi serangga ditemukan ada sembilan macam spesies serangga, tujuh macam familia, dan lima ordo serangga yang memiliki status yang berbeda meliputi predator dan hama. Sembilan species serangga tersebut meliputi Agriocnemis pygmae, Diplocodes trivialis, Crocothermis servilia, Menochilus sexmaculata, Oxya chinensis, Valanga nigricornis, Schirpophaga innotata, Junonia almana, Zelus luridus. Terdapat hubungan antara factor abiotik kecepatan angin terhadap jumlah serangga.
Kata Kunci: padi (Oryza sativa), populasi serangga, status serangga.
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